Энергетическая стратегия России и развитие возобновляемой энергетики

We consider two scenarios of the development of renewable power industry in Russia on an example of the Dasgupta-Heal-Solow-Stiglitz model. We assume that the resource rent is being invested into capital in the form of renewable power technologies according to the standard Hartwick saving rule. We use the modified Hotelling rule that reflects externalities implying, in particular, growing rates of oil extraction. We have shown that the growing extraction, prescribed by the Russian Energy Strategy (RES), implies growth of capital and the corresponding growth of per capita consumption in the short run (about 13 years). However, this growth is not sustainable and follows the decline in per capita consumption in the long run. An alternative hypothetical scenario of sustainable extraction implies always growing per capita consumption with the higher level in the long run in comparison with the RES-scenario

Энергетическая стратегия России и развитие возобновляемой энергетики

We consider two scenarios of the development of renewable power industry in Russia on an example of the Dasgupta-Heal-Solow-Stiglitz model. We assume that the resource rent is being invested into capital in the form of renewable power technologies according to the standard Hartwick saving rule. We use the modified Hotelling rule that reflects externalities implying, in particular, growing rates of oil extraction. We have shown that the growing extraction, prescribed by the Russian Energy Strategy (RES), implies growth of capital and the corresponding growth of per capita consumption in the short run (about 13 years). However, this growth is not sustainable and follows the decline in per capita consumption in the long run. An alternative hypothetical scenario of sustainable extraction implies always growing per capita consumption with the higher level in the long run in comparison with the RES-scenario

Энергетическая стратегия России и развитие возобновляемой энергетики

We consider two scenarios of the development of renewable power industry in Russia on an example of the Dasgupta-Heal-Solow-Stiglitz model. We assume that the resource rent is being invested into capital in the form of renewable power technologies according to the standard Hartwick saving rule. We use the modified Hotelling rule that reflects externalities implying, in particular, growing rates of oil extraction. We have shown that the growing extraction, prescribed by the Russian Energy Strategy (RES), implies growth of capital and the corresponding growth of per capita consumption in the short run (about 13 years). However, this growth is not sustainable and follows the decline in per capita consumption in the long run. An alternative hypothetical scenario of sustainable extraction implies always growing per capita consumption with the higher level in the long run in comparison with the RES-scenario

Changes in the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Energy Conversion in Temperature Range with Extreme Limits

The efficiency of the photovoltaic energy conversion depends on the temperature significantly. We monitored the behavior of I-V characteristics of the PV cell based on monocrystalline silicon in temperature range with extreme limits from-170 °C to +100 °C. We have not yet found a similar measurement in this temperature interval. The temperature of PV modules without radiation concentration can reach values of-100 °C to +100 °C on the Earth\u27s surface. The temperature range may be few wider in space. Changes of I-V characteristics and P-V characteristics are discussed in terms of the theory of solids. The open-circuit voltage dependence is approximately linear over a wide temperature range, but saturation occurs at temperatures around-150 °C, which is also explained in accordance with the theory of semiconductors. The decrease in energy conversion efficiency with increasing temperature has a value of about 0.5%/°C throughout the whole temperature range possible on the Earth\u27s surface. If there are large changes in the temperature of the PV modules during operation of the PV system, the electrical voltage of the PV modules will also change considerably. In space applications, these fluctuations may be greater. This must be taken into account when designing PV systems (especially for deep space missions). For example, electronic inverters are sensitive to overvoltage or undervoltage

Reduced real lifetime of PV panels – Economic consequences

The maintenance and analyzing failures of PV systems and plants are becoming more and more important issues. Our data from the long-term operation of 85 photovoltaic power plants in central Europe show that their actual lifetime is about half that of the originally planned lifetime. After about 10 years, serious failures of 1st tier (bankable) PV panels occur at an increasing rate. This article presents selected typical data and describes the most serious failures. Furthermore, economic calculations of returns on investment are carried out in relation to the price of electricity, which is currently changing at a rapid pace. It shows that the PV panel lifetime reduction from 20 to 30 years, declared at commercial leaflets, to real lifetime about 10–12 years can reduce PV power plant profit substantially, but the investment is still worth it. The reason is that after 10–12 years ser vice/maintenance expenses to replace damaged PV panels and inverters are growing very quickly. The new information could be helpful for owners of PV power plants to get a more realistic estimation of profits

New Monitoring System for Photovoltaic Power Plants’ Management

An innovative solar monitoring system has been developed. The system aimed at measuring the main parameters and characteristics of solar plants; collecting, diagnosing and processing data. The system communicates with the inverters, electrometers, metrological equipment and additional components of the photovoltaic arrays. The developed and constructed long working system is built on special data collecting technologies. At the generating plants, a special data logger BBbox is installed. The new monitoring system has been used to follow 65 solar plants in the Czech Republic and elsewhere for 175 MWp. As an example, we have selected 13 PV plants in this paper that are at least seven years old. The monitoring system contributes to quality management of plants, and it also provides data for scientific purposes. Production of electricity in the built PV plants reflects the expected values according to internationally used software PVGIS (version 5) during the previous seven years of operation. A comparison of important system parameters clearly shows the new solutions and benefits of the new Solarmon-2.0 monitoring system. Secured communications will increase data protection. A higher frequency of data saving allows higher accuracy of the mathematical models